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Engineering the provitamin A (beta-carotene) biosynthetic pathway into (carotenoid-free) rice endosperm. Science (Washington D C) 287, 303-305.
| Ye X., Al-Babili, Salim, Kloti, Andreas, Zhang, Jing, Lucca, Paola, Beyer, Peter, Potrykus, Ingo (2000).
| Rice (Oryza sativa), a major staple food, is usually milled to remove the oil-rich aleurone layer that turns rancid upon storage, especially in tropical areas. The remaining edible part of rice grains, the endosperm, lacks several essential nutrients, such as provitamin A. Thus, predominant rice consumption promotes vitamin A deficiency, a serious public health problem in at least 26 countries, including highly populated areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Recombinant DNA technology was used to improve its nutritional value in this respect. A combination of transgenes enabled biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm.
Polished rice, a major staple food in developing countries, lacks several essential nutrients, such as provitamin A. Agrobacterium-based recombinant DNA technology was used to improve its nutritional value in this respect. An entire biosynthetic pathway was engineered using a combination of two daffodil genes and a bacterial gene which enabled biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm. The resulting heterozygous plants contain up to 1.6 µg/g carotenoid in the endosperm. The goal of providing at least 2 µg/g carotenoid in homozygous lines, which would cover the vitamin A needs at an intake of 300 g rice per day, seems to be realistic.
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